LAB PROCEDURES

Choosing the right lab is very important. It's important that you meet the general manager of the lab before you start shooting and utilizing the lab.
Financial arrangements are first, but are not the most important considerations.

Naturally you should make the best deal you can; but, that means that you are well-respected by the manager! You need to have frank discussions with the manager regarding your production goals and your budget. If you're not treated well at this stage, look for other labs. This is important: you're going to spend a substantial part of your budget on the lab services; you have to be satisfied by the way you are getting treated. After you have agreed on the charges for developing and printing of the film, you proceed to setting up a working relationship with the lab staff that are specifically assigned to your production -- initially the Timer. 

The Timer is the lab technician who sets the printing light levels for your negative, after it's been processed (developed). You should have some camera tests shot for the purpose of setting the printing light levels. These are referred to as RGB (Red/Green/Blue) levels and density (brightness and darkness) level. For example, you may agree to print the film at "Light 25 across the board." That means your negative will be printed at light levels of 25 at the red, green and blue filter settings. This being the most pleasing look you've decided on after screening the test results.

Thereafter, all your dailies (everything you shot the day before) will be printed at these levels. When you screen your dailies (also commonly called Rushes) early each morning before you start shooting anything else, you check to see if the film looks good as far as color and density are concerned. Your DP looks for scratches or hair in the gate (camera gate where film is exposed inside the camera). Naturally any scratches or hair is extremely bothersome and should rarely, if ever, occur. Still when they do, you'll be re-shooting the scene or scenes affected, and the production manager will schedule such shots.

It's important that the timing of the dailies remains the same, so that you can detect any inconsistencies in the photography and can therefore fix any problems as you go. You don't want to wait to the end of production obviously, because things change and you won't be able to match the look of things. An actor cuts his hair, somebody is unavailable, the weather changes -- don't take a chance, get everything you can while the gettin' is good.

You should discuss one other matter with the lab manager and that is the answer print (the first print after the film has been all completed and the negative cut). Because this printing sets the parameters for all release prints (theatrical screening prints) your cost and approval procedure of this printing is important.
Most labs charge double or triple for the answer print. That's because they might have to print the whole film two or three times before you're satisfied! This is normal. Even though the labs have sophisticated timing equipment (Hazeltine machines and new computer technologies,) there are artistic considerations that no lab can anticipate. 

You may like the whole film to have a special "look." You like a western to have an "old photograph" sepia look, a crime drama may have to be "gritty" and so on. One lab manager was asked to produce an "electric blue" look for a music video and almost had a nervous breakdown at the number of answer prints he had to provide. A good lab would bend over backwards to make you happy with the final look of an answer print; however, one has to be realistic about the number of answer prints a lab has to strike before the film maker approves one. Beyond the third print, there is something wrong. If the lab is at fault, there is no problem; but, as a film maker you have to be clear and precise about your corrections and expectations.

Table of Contents

Part I.
The Screenplay.
Story Construction.
Script Formats.
Story-Boarding.

Part II.
Pre-Production.
Script Breakdown.

Budgeting.
Financing.
Casting.
Crew Selection.
Production Manager.
Cinematographer.
Operator/ Focus Puller/Loader/Slate.
Sound Recordist.
Boom.
Continuity Person.
Art Director.
Costume Designer.
Gaffer.
Key Grip.
Prop Person.
Make-Up & Hair.
Production Assistant.
Editor.
Equipment.
Studio & Location Scouting.
Lab Procedures.
Catering.
Insurance.

Part III.
Production.
Producer.
Director.
Hierarchy of Command.
Setting Up the First Shot. 
Procedure for Shooting a Scene. 
Language of Film. 
Long Shot. 
Medium Shot. 
Close-up. 
Aesthetics. 
Coverage.
Sticking to Schedule. 
Sticking to Budget. 
Directing Actors. 
Controlling Technicals. 
Special Effects. 
Special Processes and Genres. 
Finishing Principle Photography. 
Pick-Ups. 

Part IV.
Post-Production. 
Editing. 

Dialogue Cutting. 
Cutting Action. 
Techniques. 
Artistic Considerations. 
Equipment. 
The Editor. 
Editing Music. 
Sound Effects Editing.
ADR & Dubbing. 
The Mix. 
Negative Cutting. 
Printing the Film. 
The Answer Print. 
Release Prints. 

Part V.
Distribution. 
Finding a Distributor. 
Majors' Distribution. 
Mini-Majors. 
Independent Distributors. 
Distributing Your Own Film. 
The Foreign Market. 
Domestic Distribution. 
Festivals. 
Four-Walling. 
Video, TV & Ancillary Markets. 
Building Your Library of Films. 
Business Options. 
Corporations. 
Limited Partnerships. 
Public Offerings. 
Conclusions.