PART II

PRE-PRODUCTION

The pre-production process is an important stage in film making, regardless of the size of the budget -- especially if you don't have a budget! The first thing you do as a film maker is to "breakdown" the script.

SCRIPT BREAKDOWN

Script breakdown entails estimating the personnel, time, materiel, location and financial resources required by the script. Many productions use Strip Boards for planning the shooting schedule. Each scene is laid out to be shot in a certain ideal order, on a particular location. Day or Night, Exterior or Interior, Insert or Special Effect -- everything is planned for the best time and place of accomplishing it.

At the end of each day of production, anything that was not shot can be conveniently rescheduled by moving the strip of each shot over to the new day where it is to be scheduled. Everything that was shot ends up on the left side of the strip board separated by a black strip, that is the marker. Buy a Strip Board from a professional supplier and learn how to use it well. It will make life easier for you as a film maker. There are all kinds of forms that can be prepared for scheduling cast and crew, (referred to as Call Sheets,) general production schedules for directions of how to get to locations, wake-up calls for cast, transportation and equipment information, costumes, catering, etc. -- it all depends on how well staffed you are or what your project requires, because you may have an "army" of PAs doing all these things.

As for using resources, there are so many variations that require ingenious efforts in planning for the successful accomplishment of your production goals.
You may have millions of dollars at your disposal, you may have thousands or nothing (don't laugh, there is such a thing as begging!) -- whatever the budget, you have to be realistic about the production value you can generate.  There are all kinds of ways to make a movie. The most expensive isn't necessarily the best way. In fact, it's the true sign of the professional film maker, when the budget is in line with the best presentation of a certain subject matter.

Take a movie like "Schindler's List." It was shot in Black and White, with documentary style camerawork. It doesn't matter what the budget was (certainly Steven Spielberg doesn't need to worry about that); but, possibly by virtue of the fact that he didn't have to spend a lot of money on achieving technical gloss and getting himself embroiled in thousands of technical considerations, he ended up making a better film from a "thematic handling" standpoint. So much so, that he won the "Best Director" Oscar. It was a truly meaningful award because he didn't win it for directing actors only (which is what Hollywood traditionally gives the Award for), but for all facets of the director's art, which is the essence of being a film maker.


Table of Contents

Part I.
The Screenplay.
Story Construction.
Script Formats.
Story-Boarding.

Part II.
Pre-Production.
Script Breakdown.
Budgeting.
Financing.
Casting.
Crew Selection.
Production Manager.
Cinematographer.
Operator/ Focus Puller/Loader/Slate.
Sound Recordist.
Boom.
Continuity Person.
Art Director.
Costume Designer.
Gaffer.
Key Grip.
Prop Person.
Make-Up & Hair.
Production Assistant.
Editor.
Equipment.
Studio & Location Scouting.
Lab Procedures.
Catering.
Insurance.

Part III.
Production.
Producer.
Director.
Hierarchy of Command.
Setting Up the First Shot. 
Procedure for Shooting a Scene. 
Language of Film. 
Long Shot. 
Medium Shot. 
Close-up. 
Aesthetics. 
Coverage.
Sticking to Schedule. 
Sticking to Budget. 
Directing Actors. 
Controlling Technicals. 
Special Effects. 
Special Processes and Genres. 
Finishing Principle Photography. 
Pick-Ups. 

Part IV.
Post-Production. 
Editing. 

Dialogue Cutting. 
Cutting Action. 
Techniques. 
Artistic Considerations. 
Equipment. 
The Editor. 
Editing Music. 
Sound Effects Editing.
ADR & Dubbing. 
The Mix. 
Negative Cutting. 
Printing the Film. 
The Answer Print. 
Release Prints. 

Part V.
Distribution. 
Finding a Distributor. 
Majors' Distribution. 
Mini-Majors. 
Independent Distributors. 
Distributing Your Own Film. 
The Foreign Market. 
Domestic Distribution. 
Festivals. 
Four-Walling. 
Video, TV & Ancillary Markets. 
Building Your Library of Films. 
Business Options. 
Corporations. 
Limited Partnerships. 
Public Offerings. 
Conclusions.