FINANCING

Financing for independent movies is an extremely tricky subject. As a film maker you're better off financing your own movie. If you're making your first picture, and most people don't survive their first, to make their second, and since this book is directed primarily at first time film makers in the hope of giving them the chance to go on and build up a career, I advise you in all earnestness: don't go over $100,000!

With proper financial discipline, you can accumulate that kind of money if you live in a home well below your income, drive one, very economical automobile purchased from auctions for under a thousand dollars, prepare your food at home and stay single for as long as you can.  This last one I can be a little flexible about. I understand that for some people that will be a very difficult choice. However, I advise you very firmly: don't let the euphoria of film production soften your brain and possibly make it swell. When the picture is finished, you will still be you. Don't get mad, but try falling in love before or after you finished working on a movie. When you're working on a movie, you're in fantasy land! That's not the time to develop a life-long relationship. Sorry to digress like that. I won't let it happen again!

Financing a movie between $100,000 and $200,000 means that you must have at least one partner. If you can, find just one partner. Someone who complements your skills. If you're the creative type, find a producer type and vice versa. Avoid teaming up with actors for this purpose. Behind the camera and before the camera people don't mix. Trust me on this one! I could write a whole book on this one. This book can't handle that subject too. Let me give you one hint. As a film maker you must never let actors see your rushes or allow them to see the film during the editing process. It's all over if you do. ... Do you understand why you can't have an actor as a partner in production? Good, if you do.

With one partner, or two at the most, you can still work as a film maker. There will be a sense of coherence to the work and you'll be able to pull it off. Of course it's harder than if you were on your own, but not impossible, especially if you're the co-operative type, not too high-strung or, heaven forbid, a perfectionist!

Financing the $250,000 to $500,000 movie requires a whole other set of skills and experience. You need to have your distribution deal in place. Which means the distributor must be involved on paper. Try to get a negative-pick-up of some kind. You deliver the movie to the distributor and you get the cost of the negative up front. Or try for an advance, if the distributor doesn't have financial credibility with any entertainment banks. But, whatever you do, don't let the distributor tell you that he'll put up the marketing and advertising costs or any other such talk. Forget it. Walk out and never look back.

At this budget range you're gambling with your talent anyway. You can make a terrific picture though. If somehow you end up getting this kind of financing through a distributor, you must be a pretty good film maker already! Run a tight ship. Work hard. Cast good actors. In fact spend most of your money on actors, as much as you can. You have a shot at creating a film with a breakaway potential for making money. You have a shot at theatrical release and your video deal can be substantial. Just don't sell it short. 

If you fail at making a terrific film with this kind of money, cut your losses short and save whatever you can. If you suspect during production that you're not getting what you want, pull the plug immediately no matter how hard it is. You might be able to save 75% of your budget. Even if you can save 50%, it's okay, do it! Otherwise, you'll lose everything and you may never make another picture, no matter how talented you are.

The $500,000 to $1000,000 picture is the most dangerous budget of them all. You have to be a veteran film maker to have a prayer of a chance at pulling off this kind of picture. The majors won't pick up this kind of picture just from anybody, too. It's too small! The independent distributors can't make that kind of money back 95% of the time in less than three years of distribution! Will your investors wait that long? The foreign market and the video market can't be counted on to generate this kind of money fast. Take my advice: stay away from it.

There are a couple of exceptions. If you're a highly skilled film maker, you can shoot an "A-film" with this kind of money abroad, say in Mexico, Canada or Europe. You can get first rate actors, and with a strong script, you can make a terrific movie that can get international theatrical distribution. Later, you can get a limited US theatrical deal and pretty good video distribution world-wide.

Co-production is the other possibility. If you can get matching funds, then you're essentially making a $2,000,000 picture, in which case you're chances are tremendously improved! But co-production is a whole other discussion, mostly outside the focus of this book.

And finally we come to the "A-Film." The $1,000,000 to $5,000,000 budget range is a wide one; however, it all depends on the genre and the script. The budget has to be extremely well calculated.

Okay, you've earned the respect of the industry and you got a studio of sorts to put up that kind of opportunity in your path. In fact, you've made it! You've achieved the ultimate goal that this book hopes to prepare you for. So what do you have to do now. Very well, I'll tell you. First, take a hard look at yourself in the mirror. You've come a long way, baby! You don't have to blow it now! If you succeed with this picture, you'll most likely get a multiple picture deal from a major studio. So proceed in very well measured steps.

Hire the right people! Every position is important. Collaboration is the key skill you bring to this type of picture. You're no longer a kid on a beach with a beautiful actress and a hand-held camera! You can do an all-union picture now. Make sure you choose your crew just as carefully as before. They'll be more experienced, but they have to be compatible with you! Your cast should be first rate, also, and dedicated -- no prima donnas! And read the rest of this book very carefully when you get to this level of budget. This kind of financing comes from an independent distributor with whom you've had a successful relationship. It comes as a negative-pick-up or a guarantee of the entertainment bank that you both deal with or have a contract with. Public offerings and Limited Partner-ships are also sources of funds for this kind of budget.

Table of Contents

Part I.
The Screenplay.
Story Construction.
Script Formats.
Story-Boarding.

Part II.
Pre-Production.
Script Breakdown.

Budgeting.
Financing.
Casting.
Crew Selection.
Production Manager.
Cinematographer.
Operator/ Focus Puller/Loader/Slate.
Sound Recordist.
Boom.
Continuity Person.
Art Director.
Costume Designer.
Gaffer.
Key Grip.
Prop Person.
Make-Up & Hair.
Production Assistant.
Editor.
Equipment.
Studio & Location Scouting.
Lab Procedures.
Catering.
Insurance.

Part III.
Production.
Producer.
Director.
Hierarchy of Command.
Setting Up the First Shot. 
Procedure for Shooting a Scene. 
Language of Film. 
Long Shot. 
Medium Shot. 
Close-up. 
Aesthetics. 
Coverage.
Sticking to Schedule. 
Sticking to Budget. 
Directing Actors. 
Controlling Technicals. 
Special Effects. 
Special Processes and Genres. 
Finishing Principle Photography. 
Pick-Ups. 

Part IV.
Post-Production. 
Editing. 

Dialogue Cutting. 
Cutting Action. 
Techniques. 
Artistic Considerations. 
Equipment. 
The Editor. 
Editing Music. 
Sound Effects Editing.
ADR & Dubbing. 
The Mix. 
Negative Cutting. 
Printing the Film. 
The Answer Print. 
Release Prints. 

Part V.
Distribution. 
Finding a Distributor. 
Majors' Distribution. 
Mini-Majors. 
Independent Distributors. 
Distributing Your Own Film. 
The Foreign Market. 
Domestic Distribution. 
Festivals. 
Four-Walling. 
Video, TV & Ancillary Markets. 
Building Your Library of Films. 
Business Options. 
Corporations. 
Limited Partnerships. 
Public Offerings. 
Conclusions.